Most important information about Natural Selection

NATURAL SELECTION

In 1844 Charles Darwin had formulated, but not yet published, his thoughts on natural selection. The real meaning of his assumption is as follows:

1. All living things have a far fast reproductive ability than is ever realized. For instance, single female oyster produce about 100,000 eggs with each spawning, a female sea star produces about 10,00,000 eggs in each season, and a female robin may lay four fertile eggs each season. What if all of these eggs were fertilized and developed into reproductive adults by the following year? A half million female sea stars (half of the million eggs would produce females and half would produce males), each producing another million eggs, repeated over just a few generations would soon fill up the oceans! Even the adult female robins, each producing four more robins, would result in incredible source troubles in just a few years.

2. Hereditary variations begin by random change/mutation. Seldom are any two individuals exactly alike. Some of these genetic variations may confer an advantage to the individual possessing them. In other, examples, variations may be risky to the creature. In still other suppositions, particular variations may be neither useful nor damaging. (These are said to be neutral.). These variations can be passed on to the next generation.

3. Because resources are limited, survival is in a continuous struggle. Many more progenies are produced than resources can maintain; therefore, many creatures die. Darwin reasoned that the living entities that die are those with the characters (variations) that make survival and successful reproduction less likely. Characters that support successful reproduction are said to be adaptive.

4. Adaptive behaviors are perpetuated in successive offspring’s. For the reason that living organisms with maladaptive characters are less likely to replicate, the maladaptive characters develop into less frequent in a group of species and finally are eliminated.

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